Mystery Theme II by SokolM

What now-common food additive was discovered by accident in 1965 when James M. Schlatter, a chemist working for G.D. Searle & Company, realized its taste when he licked his fingers to help grip a piece of paper? His fingers had been exposed to this compound, which has been marketed under trade names such as Equal, during an intermediary step while trying to generate a tetrapeptide of the hormone gastrin for help in evaluating an anti-ulcer drug candidate.

What thespian holds all of the following Academy Award records?
1) Youngest to be nominated for a 3rd acting award (for Julius Caesar).
2) Youngest to be nominated for a 4th acting award (which he won).
3) Youngest to be nominated for a 5th acting award (for Sayonara).
4) Most consecutive years with a leading actor nomination (four).

What egg-based dish, first popularized by chef Marie-Antoine Carême in the early 19th century, takes its name for the French verb that can mean "to blow", "to breathe", "to inflate", or "to puff"?

This game has pitchers and innings, but it is not baseball. It has a court (or pit), but is not basketball or tennis (or auto racing). What is this game, whose official rules are governed by the NHPA?

What pepper takes its name from the term indicating someone or something from a certain Caribbean city of more than 2 million inhabitants, despite rarely being featured in that country's traditional cooking? The association instead comes from having been heavily traded through that city.

According to Greek mythology, after Hades abducted Persephone but before he was forced by Zeus to return her, he tricked her into eating the seed of what fruit, considered the food of the dead? This forced Persephone to spend a portion of each year in the underworld and led to an ancient explanation of the seasons.

What surname do each of the following share?
1) Proponent of the ecological belief system ATWA (which is an acronym for Air, Trees, Water, Animals and All The Way Alive).
2) Scottish lead singer of Garbage.
3) Stage name of Brian Warner.

What singer released five solo albums but is better known for her work as a member of a folk rock musical group along with John Phillips, Denny Doherty, and Michelle Phillips? Despite rumors to the contrary, her autopsy determined her 1974 death at age 32 was due to heart failure and not choking on a ham sandwich. Either her surname or popular two-word nickname will be accepted.

What 2001 film's title character had a mullet wig installed because the top of his head never formed properly, was separated from his family during a visit to the Grand Canyon, and worked as a janitor at a Los Angeles radio station? He was also the star of a sequel, subtitled Beautiful Loser, that premiered in 2015 on Crackle.

What weapon's name is the exact same as the French word for the answer to Q6, likely named as such due to its size and shape? A common two-word name (which mentions a body part) for a variety of this weapon is a retronym, as later types were developed that could be propelled via other means.

What sport has so-called ordinary fouls that include the following?
1) Impeding or otherwise preventing the free movement of an opponent who is not holding the ball, but has it in or near their possession.
2) Touching the ball with two hands (unless they are the goalkeeper).
3) Standing (if possible).

What high-end shoe brand, known for eschewing platforms and wedges and reviving the stiletto heel, was founded in 1970 by its Spanish namesake in Chelsea, London? Either the full two-word name or just the first word will be accepted (as that it how the shoes are sometimes informally known).

Sometimes known as Mr. Drums, what jazz drummer and "Big Band" leader learned how to play at the age of 2, yet never learned how to read sheet music, preferring to listen and play from memory?

What atoll consists of 23 islands in the Marshall Islands approximately 530 miles northwest of the capital Majuro? In 1946, the 167 inhabitants were relocated. Some families returned in 1970, but were forced to evacuate in 1980.

What four-word idiomatic phrase, which arose from the practice of giving certain items (a Cohiba or Montecristo, perhaps?) as prizes at 20th century carnivals, ties together all of the correct answers? The phrase could also be considered even more directly and thematically linked to the answers for Q4 and Q10. I might even say it while grading some of your answers.