"B" in Science by HensleyB

It makes poop brown and the skin of people with jaundice yellow. What is this bile pigment that results from the breakdown of heme?

What seven-letter petrological term denotes rock formed from angular fragments of older rocks that have melded together? An example can be seen in the linked image.

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Coming from the Greek for "missile," what term denotes an extremely bright meteor, particularly one that explodes in the atmosphere?

What name is typically given to the angle denoted θ_B in the linked image?

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Monoclinic, triclinic, and body-centered cubic are among the fourteen unique lattices that exist in three dimensions. These lattices are named after what French crystallographer?

What region of the brain's frontal lobe, formed by the pars triangularis and the pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, is associated with language processing tasks such as language comprehension and speech production?

Objects viewed through a calcite crystal appear doubled due to variation in its refractive index along different crystallographic directions. Calcite is thus said to have what optical property that is also exhibited by cellophane and collagen?

When the jet of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) is pointed nearly along our line of sight, the AGN is referred to as a blazar. What subclass of blazars, named for its prototype object in the Lizard constellation, is noted for its lack of optical emission lines and extreme variability?

Let p and q be two large prime numbers that are congruent to 3 (mod 4) and let M = pq. Let the seed x₀ be an integer greater than 1 that is coprime to M. Then let

x_n+1 = x_n² mod M

You have just generated pseudorandom numbers by means of what triply-eponymous algorithm?

"Find the shape of the curve down which a bead sliding from rest and accelerated by gravity will slip (without friction) from one point to another in the least time."

This is a statement of what problem whose solutions (by the likes of Newton, the Bernoullis, and Leibniz) led to the development of the calculus of variations?

What word has been obscured by the red rectangle in the attached image?

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In the quote below, what physicist is explaining the implications of his namesake theorem?

"If [a hidden variable theory] is local it will not agree with quantum mechanics, and if it agrees with quantum mechanics it will not be local. This is what the theorem says."